Gene expression profiles in zebrafish brain after acute exposure to domoic acid at symptomatic and asymptomatic doses.

Domoic acid (DA) is a neuroexcitatory amino acid that is naturally produced by some marine diatom species of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia. Ingestion of DA-contaminated seafood by humans results in a severe neurotoxic disease known as amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). Clinical signs of ASP include seizures and neuronal damage from activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors. However, the impacts of DA exposure at levels below those known to induce outward signs of neurobehavioral exicitotoxicity have not been well characterized. To further understand the mechanisms of neurotoxic injury associated with DA exposure, we examined the transcriptome of whole brains from zebrafish (Danio rerio) receiving intracoelomic (IC) injection of DA at both symptomatic and asymptomatic doses. A majority of zebrafish exposed to high-dose DA (1.2 microg DA/g) exhibited clinical signs of neuroexcitotoxicity (EC(50) of 0.86 microg DA/g) within 5-20 min of IC injection. All zebrafish receiving low-dose DA (0.47 microg DA/g) or vehicle only maintained normal behavior. Microarray analysis of symptomatic and asymptomatic exposures collectively yielded 306 differentially expressed genes (1.5-fold, p (1)process of RNA synthesis from DNA template.
(2)The synthesis of an RNA copy from a sequence of DNA (a gene); the first step in gene expression
(3)The process by which messenger RNA is read from the DNA forming a gene.
(4)The first step in gene expression, in which a messenger RNA molecule complementary to particular gene encoded in DNA is synthesized by enzymes called RNA polymerases. To produce a functional protein, transcription is followed by translation.
(5)The enzymatic synthesis of an RNA molecule directed by information in a DNA molecule. See the Figure at NHGRI. See also Central Dogma.
(6)The enzymatic synthesis of an RNA molecule directed by information in a DNA molecule. Results in the production of a transcript.
(7)Synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.
(8)A process facilitated by the enzymes to transcribe the information of a DNA strand into a complementary RNA(tRNA) strand is known as transcription.

在由RNA聚合酶和辅助因子组成的转录复合物的催化下，从双链DNA分子中拷贝生物信息生成一条RNA链的过程。

" data-original-title="Transcription" data-html="true" data-trigger="foucs">transcription factor functional categories. Transcriptional profiles were suggestive of neuronal apoptosis following an overwhelming of protective adaptive pathways. Further, potential molecular biomarkers of neuropathic injury, including the zebrafish homolog of human NDRG4, were identified and may be relevant to DA exposure levels below that causing neurobehavioral injury. In general, DA-modulated gene expression was consistent with other model species thereby validating zebrafish as an appropriate vertebrate model to study mechanisms of DA neurotoxicity. These data provide a basis for identifying pathways of DA-induced injury as well as biomarkers of asymptomatic and symptomatic DA exposure levels.

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