Roles of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) in brain development and disease.

BACKGROUND:Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), a major type I arginine methyltransferase in mammals, methylates histone and non-histone proteins to regulate various cellular functions such as transcription, DNA damage response, and signal transduction. SCOPE OF REVIEW:This review summarizes previous and recent studies on PRMT1 functions in major cell types of the central nervous system. We also discuss the potential involvement of PRMT1 in neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Also, we raise key questions that must be addressed in the future to more precisely understand the roles of PRMT1. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS:Recent studies revealed that PRMT1 is essential for the development of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, although further investigation using cell type-specific PRMT1-deficient animals is required. In addition, the relevance of PRMT1 in neurodegenerative diseases will continue to be a hot topic. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE:PRMT1 is important for neural development and neurodegenerative diseases.

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