[No authors listed]
Due to the discovery of their role in intraâcellular communications, exosomes, which carry information specific to the cell of origin, have garnered considerable attention in cancer research. Moreover, there is evidence to suggest the possibility of isolating different exosome subâpopulations based on target antigens at the cell surface. Philadelphia chromosomeâpositive (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasia characterized by the breakpoint cluster regionâprotoâoncogene 1 tyrosineâprotein kinase (BCRâABL1) fusionâgene, derived from the t (9;22) translocation. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) target BCRâABL1 protein and induce major or deep molecular responses in the majority of patients. Despite the fact that several studies have demonstrated the persistence of leukemic cells in the bone marrow niche, even following treatment, TKIs prolong patient survival time and facilitate treatmentâfree remission. These characteristics render CML a plausible model for investigating the feasibility of tumorâderived exosome fraction enrichment. In the present study, patients in the chronic phase (CP) of CML were treated with TKIs, and the quantification of the BCRâABL1 exosomal transcript was performed using digital PCR (dPCR). The possibility of tumorâderived exosomes enrichment was confirmed, and for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the detection of the BCRâABL1 transcript highlighted the presence of active leukemic cells in patients with CPâCML. According to these findings, tumorâderived exosomes may be considered a novel tool for the identification of active leukemic cells, and for the assessment of innovative monitoring focused on the biological functions of exosomes in CML.
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