STAT6/Arg1 promotes microglia/macrophage efferocytosis and inflammation resolution in stroke mice.

Efferocytosis, or phagocytic clearance of dead/dying cells by brain-resident microglia and/or infiltrating macrophages, is instrumental for inflammation resolution and restoration of brain homeostasis after stroke. Here, we identify the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6/arginase1 signaling axis as a potentially novel mechanism that orchestrates microglia/macrophage responses in the ischemic brain. Activation of was observed in microglia/macrophages in the ischemic territory in a mouse model of stroke and in stroke patients. duanyu18136 deficiency resulted in reduced clearance of dead/dying neurons, increased inflammatory gene signature in microglia/macrophages, and enlarged infarct volume early after experimental stroke. All of these pathological changes culminated in an increased brain tissue loss and exacerbated long-term functional deficits. Combined in vivo analyses using BM chimeras and in vitro experiments using microglia/macrophage-neuron cocultures confirmed that duanyu18136 activation in both microglia and macrophages was essential for neuroprotection. Adoptive transfer of WT macrophages into mice reduced accumulation of dead neurons in the ischemic territory and ameliorated brain infarction. Furthermore, decreased expression of Arg1 in microglia/macrophages was responsible for impairments in efferocytosis and loss of antiinflammatory modality. Our study suggests that efferocytosis via modulates microglia/macrophage phenotype, accelerates inflammation resolution, and improves stroke outcomes.

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