Generation of Inducible Gene-Switched GAL4 Expressed in the Drosophila Female Germline Stem Cell Niche.

The stem cell niche, a regulatory microenvironment, houses and regulates stem cells for maintenance of tissues throughout an organism's lifespan. While it is known that stem cell function declines with age, the role of niche cells in this decline is not completely understood. Drosophila exhibits a short lifespan with well-characterized ovarian germline stem cells (GSCs) and niche compartments, providing a good model with which to study stem cell biology. However, no inducible tools for temporal and spatial control of gene expression in the GSC-niche unit have been previously developed for aging studies. The current UAS-GAL4 systems are not ideal for aging studies because fly physiological aging may be affected by the temperature shifts used to manipulate GAL4 activity. Additionally, the actual needs of the aged niche may be masked by continuously driven gene expression. Since GeneSwitch GAL4 is conveniently activated by the steroid RU486 (mifepristone), we conducted an enhancer-trap screen to isolate GeneSwitch GAL4 lines with expression in the GSC-niche unit. We identified six lines with expression in germarial somatic cells, and two lines (#2305 and #2261) with expression in niche cap cells, the major constituent of the GSC niche. The use of lines #2305 or #2261 to overexpress Drosophila insulin-like peptide 2, which maintains GSC lifespan, in aged niche cap cells significantly delayed age-dependent GSC loss. These results support the notion that insulin signaling is beneficial for maintaining aged stem cells and also validate the utility of our GeneSwitch GAL4 lines for studying stem cell aging.

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