Newly Defined ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 5 Positive Dermal Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Healing of Chronic Iron-Overload Wounds via Secretion of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist.

In this study, we report the beneficial effects of a newly identified dermal cell subpopulation expressing the ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 5 (ABCB5) for the therapy of nonhealing wounds. Local administration of dermal ABCB5⁺ -derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attenuated macrophage-dominated inflammation and thereby accelerated healing of full-thickness excisional wounds in the iron-overload mouse model mimicking the nonhealing state of human venous leg ulcers. The observed beneficial effects were due to interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) secreted by ABCB5⁺ -derived MSCs, which dampened inflammation and shifted the prevalence of unrestrained proinflammatory M1 macrophages toward repair promoting anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages at the wound site. The beneficial anti-inflammatory effect of IL-1RA released from ABCB5⁺ -derived MSCs on human wound macrophages was conserved in humanized NOD-scid IL2rγ ^null mice. In conclusion, human dermal ABCB5⁺ cells represent a novel, easily accessible, and marker-enriched source of MSCs, which holds substantial promise to successfully treat chronic nonhealing wounds in humans. Stem Cells 2019;37:1057-1074.

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