STAT1 signaling shields T cells from NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

The pathway critically regulates T-cell differentiation, and is postulated to regulate several immune-mediated diseases by inducing proinflammatory subsets. Here we show that duanyu18131 enables CD4⁺ T-cell-mediated intestinal inflammation by protecting them from natural killer (NK) cell-mediated elimination. Stat1^-/- T cells fail to expand and establish colitis in lymphopenic mice. This defect is not fully recapitulated by the combinatorial loss of type I and II IFN signaling. Mechanistically, Stat1^-/- T cells have reduced expression of Nlrc5 and multiple MHC class I molecules that serve to protect cells from NK cell-mediated killing. Consequently, the depletion of NK cells significantly rescues the survival and spontaneous proliferation of Stat1^-/- T cells, and restores their ability to induce colitis in adoptive transfer mouse models. Stat1^-/- mice however have normal CD4⁺ T cell numbers as innate duanyu18131 signaling is required for their elimination. Overall, our findings reveal a critical perspective on signaling that might apply to multiple inflammatory diseases.

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