MicroRNA-494-dependent WDHDI inhibition suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor growth and metastasis in cholangiocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND:Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) represents a devastating malignancy characterized by high mortality, and notoriously problematic to diagnose. Recently, microRNAs (miRs) have been intensively investigated due to their potential usefulness from a tumor treatment perspective. AIMS:The current study was aimed to investigate whether miR-494 influences epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor growth and metastasis of CCA. METHODS:The regulatory miRNAs of WDHD1 in CCA expression chip were predicted, followed by determination of the miR-494 and WDHD1 expression in normal cholangiocyte tissues and CCA tissues. The related protein levels were determined. CCA cell migration, invasion, viability, and cell cycle distribution and the dosage-dependent effect of miR-494 on CCA cell growth were subsequently detected. Finally, tumorigenicity and lymph node metastasis (LNM) were measured. RESULTS:Initially, miR-194 affected the CCA development via negatively regulating WDHD1 and miR-494 which were downregulated while WDHD1 was upregulated in CCA. In addition, miR-494 overexpression elevated E-cadherin expression while decreased expressions of WDHD1, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, Twist and MMP-9. Finally, overexpressed miR-494 was observed to suppress EMT, cell viability, migration, invasion, arrest cell cycle progression, tumor formation, and LNM while accelerating cell apoptosis in vivo. CONCLUSION:This study indicated that miR-494 overexpression suppresses EMT, tumor formation and LNM while promoting CCA cell apoptosis through inhibiting WDHD1 in CCA.

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