[No authors listed]
Cyanobacterial blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa represent a significant risk to the environment and have become a worldwide concern. M. aeruginosa can produce the hepatotoxins microcystins (MCs) with potential for tumor promotion. The present study evaluated the time-dependent effects in the transcription of tumor-related genes in the zebrafish, Danio rerio, exposed to dilutions of a M. aeruginosa lysate containing 3.5 and 54.6â¯Âµgâ¯L-1 MCs. We used a cultured M. aeruginosa strain, RST 9501, which contains mainly the variant [D-Leu1] MC-LR and originated from the Patos Lagoon Estuary (RS, Brazil). The exposure caused short-term repression of tumor suppressor genes and long-term repression of proto-oncogenes. These responses were more evident for p53 that was repressed with exposure for 6, 24 and 96â¯h, and fosab and myca that were consistently repressed with exposure for 384â¯h, when fish were exposed to both M. aeruginosa lysate dilutions, compared to controls (pâ¯<â¯0.05). The suppressor genes, baxa and gadd45α, and the proto-oncogene, junba, were suppressed mainly at 96â¯h, where both dilutions of the lysate caused repression compared to controls (pâ¯<â¯0.05). The p53 gene was the only gene to be induced; this occurred in fish exposed to lysate containing 3.5â¯Âµgâ¯L-1 for 384â¯h. This is the first study to show that M. aeruginosa containing an environmentally relevant concentration of [D-Leu1] MC-LR could cause time-dependent repression of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in fish. The results suggest that short-term repression of tumor suppressor genes could participate in the mechanism of tumor promotion caused by M. aeruginosa in fish.
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