Interaction of AIP with protein kinase A (cAMP-dependent protein kinase).

Germline mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) gene cause mostly somatotropinomas and/or prolactinomas in a subset of familial isolated pituitary adenomas (FIPA). AIP has been shown to interact with phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and G proteins, suggesting a link to the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase pathway. Upregulation of is seen in sporadic somatotropinomas that carry GNAS mutations, and those in Carney complex that are due to PRKAR1A mutations. To elucidate the mechanism of AIP-dependent pituitary tumorigenesis, we studied potential functional and physical interactions of AIP with main subunits PRKAR1A (R1α) and PRKACA (Cα). We found that AIP physically interacts with both R1α and Cα; this interaction is enhanced when all three components are present, but maintained during Cα-R1α dissociation by duanyu1529 activation, indicating that AIP binds Cα/R1α both in complex and separately. The interaction between AIP and R1α/Cα is reduced when the frequent AIP pathogenic mutation p.R304* is present. AIP protein levels are regulated both by translation and the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway and Cα stabilizes both AIP and R1α protein levels. AIP reduction by siRNA leads to an increase of duanyu1529 activity, which is disproportionately enhanced during PDE4-inhibition. We show that AIP interacts with the duanyu1529 pathway on multiple levels, including a physical interaction with both the main regulatory (R1α) and catalytic (Cα) duanyu1529 subunits and a functional interaction with PDE4-dependent duanyu1529 activation. These findings provide novel insights on the mechanisms of AIP-dependent pituitary tumorigenesis.

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