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Genetics of the human face: Identification of large-effect single gene variants.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Jan 23;115(4):E676-E685. Epub 2018 Jan 04
Daniel J M Crouch 1 , Bruce Winney 1 , Willem P Koppen 2 , William J Christmas 2 , Katarzyna Hutnik 1 , Tammy Day 1 , Devendra Meena 1 , Abdelhamid Boumertit 1 , Pirro Hysi 3 , Ayrun Nessa 3 , Tim D Spector 3 , Josef Kittler 2 , Walter F Bodmer 1
Daniel J M Crouch 1 , Bruce Winney 1 , Willem P Koppen 2 , William J Christmas 2 , Katarzyna Hutnik 1 , Tammy Day 1 , Devendra Meena 1 , Abdelhamid Boumertit 1 , Pirro Hysi 3 , Ayrun Nessa 3 , Tim D Spector 3 , Josef Kittler 2 , Walter F Bodmer 1
+ et al

[No authors listed]

Author information
  • 1 Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom.
  • 2 Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
  • 3 TwinsUK, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.

摘要


To discover specific variants with relatively large effects on the human face, we have devised an approach to identifying facial features with high heritability. This is based on using twin data to estimate the additive genetic value of each point on a face, as provided by a 3D camera system. In addition, we have used the ethnic difference between East Asian and European faces as a further source of face genetic variation. We use principal components (PCs) analysis to provide a fine definition of the surface features of human faces around the eyes and of the profile, and chose upper and lower 10% extremes of the most heritable PCs for looking for genetic associations. Using this strategy for the analysis of 3D images of 1,832 unique volunteers from the well-characterized People of the British Isles study and 1,567 unique twin images from the TwinsUK cohort, together with genetic data for 500,000 SNPs, we have identified three specific genetic variants with notable effects on facial profiles and eyes.

KEYWORDS: 3D imaging, SNPs, additive genetic value, facial features, human genetics