L-Met Activates Arabidopsis GLR Ca(2+) Channels Upstream of ROS Production and Regulates Stomatal Movement.

Plant glutamate receptor homologs (GLRs) have long been proposed to function as ligand-gated Ca(2+) channels, but no in planta evidence has been provided. Here, we present genetic evidence that Arabidopsis GLR3.1 and GLR3.5 form Ca(2+) channels activated by L-methionine (L-Met) at physiological concentrations and regulate stomatal apertures and plant growth. The glr3.1/3.5 mutations resulted in a lower cytosolic Ca(2+) level, defective Ca(2+)-induced stomatal closure, and Ca(2+)-deficient growth disorder, all of which involved L-Met. Patch-clamp analyses of guard cells showed that GLR3.1/3.5 Ca(2+) channels are activated specifically by L-Met, with the activation abolished in glr3.1/3.5. Moreover, GLR3.1/3.5 Ca(2+) channels are distinct from previously characterized Ca(2+) channels and act upstream of providing Ca(2+) transients necessary for the activation of NADPH oxidases. Our data indicate that GLR3.1/3.5 constitute L-Met-activated Ca(2+) channels responsible for maintaining basal [Ca(2+)]cyt, play a pivotal role in plant growth, and act upstream of duanyu1670, thereby regulating stomatal aperture.

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