Association of osteoglycin and FAM5C with bone turnover markers, bone mineral density, and vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE:Accumulating evidence suggests a reciprocal relationship between muscle and bone. Previous in vitro studies showed that the muscle-derived factors, osteoglycin (OGN) and family with sequence similarity 5, member C (FAM5C), regulate osteoblastic differentiation. However, there are no reports investigating the association between circulating OGN and FAM5C and bone metabolism in humans. DESIGN:We conducted a cross-sectional study and investigated the association of serum OGN and FAM5C levels and muscle mass examined by whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry with bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers, and the presence of vertebral fractures (VFs) in 156 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESULTS:Multiple regression analysis adjusted for age, duration of T2DM, body mass index, serum creatinine, and log(hemoglobin A1c) showed that log(OGN) was negatively associated with BMD at the femoral neck (β=-0.17, p=0.014). Serum OGN levels were higher in subjects with VFs than in those without VFs [mean±standard deviation (SD): 100.2±84.7 vs. 74.4±31.7pg/mL, p=0.013]. Moreover, logistic regression analysis adjusted for the confounding factors described above showed that the serum OGN level was positively associated with the presence of VFs (odds ratio=1.84, 95% confidence interval=1.03-3.29 per SD increase, p=0.039). In contrast, neither the serum FAM5C level nor muscle mass indices were associated with bone turnover markers and the presence of VFs. CONCLUSIONS:The present study showed for the first time that higher serum OGN levels were associated with decreased BMD and increased risk of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with T2DM.

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