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In vitro Reconstitution of a Membrane Switch Mechanism for the Polarity Protein LGL.

J. Mol. Biol.2016 Dec 04;428(24 Pt A):4828-4842. Epub 2016 Oct 06
Ilaria Visco 1 , Carsten Hoege 2 , Anthony A Hyman 2 , Petra Schwille 3
Ilaria Visco 1 , Carsten Hoege 2 , Anthony A Hyman 2 , Petra Schwille 3

[No authors listed]

Author information
  • 1 Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany. Electronic address: ilaria.visco@mpi-dortmund.mpg.de.
  • 2 Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
  • 3 Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany. Electronic address: schwille@biochem.mpg.de.

摘要


Cell polarity arises from a combination of interactions between biological molecules, such as activation, inhibition, and positive or negative feedback between specific polarity units. Activation and inhibition often take place in the form of a membrane binding switch. Lethal giant larvae (LGL), a conserved regulator of cell polarity in animals, was suggested to function as such a switch. LGL localizes to both the cytoplasm and, asymmetrically, the membrane. However, the spatial regulation mechanism of LGL membrane localization has remained unclear. For systematic elucidation, we set out to reconstitute a minimal polarity unit using a model membrane, Caenorhabditis elegans LGL (LGL-1), and atypical protein kinase C supposed to activate the membrane switch. We identified a membrane binding sequence (MBS) in LGL-1 by a screen in vivo, reconstituted LGL-1 membrane binding in vitro, and successfully implemented the membrane switch by phosphorylation activity, detaching LGL from membranes. Upon membrane binding, LGL-1 MBS folds into an alpha-helix in which three regions can be identified: a positively charged patch, a switch area containing the three aduanyu1531 phosphorylation sites, and a hydrophobic area probably buried in the membrane. Phosphorylation by aduanyu1531 dramatically reduces the binding affinity of the LGL-1 MBS to negatively charged model membranes, inducing its detachment. Specific residues in the MBS are critical for LGL-1 function in C. elegans.

KEYWORDS: C. elegans, cell polarity, giant unilamellar vesicles, lethal giant larvae (LGL), synthetic biology