Cortistatin inhibits calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells by depressing osteoblastic differentiation and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

 mol/L CST inhibited the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs into osteoblastic cells by decreasing the osteocalcin protein levels, increasing the SM-α-actin protein levels, and reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress by decreasing the protein expression of glucose-regulated protein 94 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein. In conclusion, CST directly inhibited β-GP-induced calcification of VSMCs in vitro, probably by suppressing ERS and phenotypic transformation of VSMCs into osteoblastic cells. These results indicate that CST represents a potential target for the prevention and treatment of VC.

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