The transcription factor Ace2 and its paralog Swi5 regulate ethanol production during static fermentation through their targets Cts1 and Rps4a in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Saccharomyces cerevisiaeis the most widely used fermentation organism for ethanol production. However, the gene expression regulatory networks behind the ethanol fermentation are still not fully understood. Using a static fermentation model, we examined the ethanol yields on biomass of deletion mutants for 77 yeast genes encoding nonessential transcription factors, and found that deletion mutants forACE2andSWI5showed dramatically increased ethanol yields. Overexpression ofACE2orSWI5in wild type cells reduced their ethanol yields. Furthermore, among the 34 target genes regulated by Ace2 and Swi5, deletion ofCTS1,RPS4a,SIC1,EGT2,DSE2, orSCP160led to increased ethanol yields, with the former two showing higher effects. Overexpression ofCTS1orRPS4ain bothace2/ace2andswi5/swi5mutants reduced their ethanol yields. In contrast, deletion ofMCR1orHOsignificantly decreased ethanol yields, with the former one showing the highest effect. Therefore, Ace2 and Swi5 are two negative regulators of ethanol yield during static fermentation of yeast cells, and bothCTS1andRPS4aare major effectors mediating these two transcription factors in regulating ethanol production.

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