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The evolutionary legacy of size-selective harvesting extends from genes to populations.

Evol Appl. 2015 Jul;8(6):597-620. doi:10.1111/eva.12268. Epub 2015 May 27
Silva Uusi-Heikkilä 1 , Andrew R Whiteley 2 , Anna Kuparinen 3 , Shuichi Matsumura 4 , Paul A Venturelli 5 , Christian Wolter 6 , Jon Slate 7 , Craig R Primmer 8 , Thomas Meinelt 9 , Shaun S Killen 10 , David Bierbach 6 , Giovanni Polverino 6 , Arne Ludwig 11 , Robert Arlinghaus 12
Silva Uusi-Heikkilä 1 , Andrew R Whiteley 2 , Anna Kuparinen 3 , Shuichi Matsumura 4 , Paul A Venturelli 5 , Christian Wolter 6 , Jon Slate 7 , Craig R Primmer 8 , Thomas Meinelt 9 , Shaun S Killen 10 , David Bierbach 6 , Giovanni Polverino 6 , Arne Ludwig 11 , Robert Arlinghaus 12
+ et al

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Author information
  • 1 Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, Germany ; Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku Turku, Finland.
  • 2 Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA.
  • 3 Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland.
  • 4 Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University Gifu, Japan.
  • 5 Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota St Paul, MN, USA.
  • 6 Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, Germany.
  • 7 Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank Sheffield, UK.
  • 8 Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku Turku, Finland.
  • 9 Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, Germany.
  • 10 Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK.
  • 11 Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin, Germany.
  • 12 Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, Germany ; Chair of Integrative Fisheries Management, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany.
全文

摘要


Size-selective harvesting is assumed to alter life histories of exploited fish populations, thereby negatively affecting population productivity, recovery, and yield. However, demonstrating that fisheries-induced phenotypic changes in the wild are at least partly genetically determined has proved notoriously difficult. Moreover, the population-level consequences of fisheries-induced evolution are still being controversially discussed. Using an experimental approach, we found that five generations of size-selective harvesting altered the life histories and behavior, but not the metabolic rate, of wild-origin zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fish adapted to high positively size selective fishing pressure invested more in reproduction, reached a smaller adult body size, and were less explorative and bold. Phenotypic changes seemed subtle but were accompanied by genetic changes in functional loci. Thus, our results provided unambiguous evidence for rapid, harvest-induced phenotypic and evolutionary change when harvesting is intensive and size selective. According to a life-history model, the observed life-history changes elevated population growth rate in harvested conditions, but slowed population recovery under a simulated moratorium. Hence, the evolutionary legacy of size-selective harvesting includes populations that are productive under exploited conditions, but selectively disadvantaged to cope with natural selection pressures that often favor large body size.

KEYWORDS: conservation, fisheries-induced evolution, life-history evolution, personality, population dynamics