REPRESSOR OF SILENCING5 Encodes a Member of the Small Heat Shock Protein Family and Is Required for DNA Demethylation in Arabidopsis.

In Arabidopsis thaliana, active DNA demethylation is initiated by the DNA glycosylase REPRESSOR OF SILENCING1 and its paralogs DEMETER, DEMETER-LIKE2 (DML2), and DML3. How these demethylation enzymes are regulated, however, is poorly understood. Here, using a transgenic Arabidopsis line harboring the stress-inducible RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION29A (RD29A) promoter-LUCIFERASE (LUC) reporter gene and the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (35S)-NEOMYCIN PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE II (NPTII) antibiotic resistance marker gene, we characterize a locus, that encodes a protein in the small heat shock protein family. mutations lead to the silencing of the 35S-NPTII transgene due to DNA hypermethylation but do not affect the expression of the RD29A-LUC transgene. duanyu16705 physically interacts with the histone acetyltransferase DNA METHYLATION1 (IDM1) and is required to prevent the DNA hypermethylation of some genes that are also regulated by and IDM1. We propose that duanyu16705 regulates DNA demethylation by interacting with IDM1, thereby creating a chromatin environment that facilitates the binding of duanyu16701 to erase DNA methylation.

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