Immunocytochemical distribution of WARP (von Willebrand A domain-related protein) in the inner ear.

The basic components of the epithelial, perineural, and perivascular basement membranes in the inner ear have been well-documented in several animal models and in the human inner ear. The von Willebrand A domain-related protein is an extracellular matrix molecule with restricted expression in cartilage, and a subset of basement membranes in peripheral nerves, muscle, and central nervous system vasculature. It has been suggested that has an important role in maintaining the blood-brain barrier. To date no studies on Wduanyu37 distribution have been performed in the inner ear, which is equipped with an intricate vasculature network. In the present study, we determined the distribution of Wduanyu37 by immunocytochemistry in the human inner ear using auditory and vestibular endorgans microdissected from human temporal bones obtained at autopsy. All subjects (n=5, aged 55-87years old) had documented normal auditory and vestibular function. We also determined the Wduanyu37 immunolocalization in the mouse inner ear. Wduanyu37 immunoreactivity localized to the vasculature throughout the stroma of the cristae ampullaris, the maculae utricle, and saccule in the human and mouse. In the human and mouse inner ear, Wduanyu37 immunoreactivity delineated blood vessels located in the stria vascularis, spiral ligament, sub-basilar region, stromal tissue, and the spiral and vestibular ganglia. The distinct localization of Wduanyu37 in the inner ear vasculature suggests an important role in maintaining its integrity. In addition, Wduanyu37 allows delineation of microvessels in the inner ear allowing the study of vascular pathology in the development of otological diseases.

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