cDNA cloning, gene organization and expression analysis of human peptidylarginine deiminase type I.

Peptidylarginine deiminases catalyse a post-translational modification of proteins through the conversion of arginine residues into citrullines. The existence of four isoforms of (types I, II, III and IV) encoded by four different genes, which are distinct in their substrate specificities and tissue-specific expression, was reported in rodents. In the present study, starting from epidermis polyadenylated RNA, we cloned by reverse transcriptase-PCR a full-length cDNA encoding human duanyu1563 type I. The cDNA was 2711 bp in length and encoded a 663-amino-acid sequence. The predicted protein shares 75% identity with the rat duanyu1563 type I sequence, but displays only 50-57% identity with the three other known human isoforms. We have described the organization of the human duanyu1563 type I gene on chromosome 1p36. A recombinant duanyu1563 type I was produced in Escherichia coli and shown to be enzymically active. Human duanyu1563 type I mRNAs were detected by reverse transcriptase-PCR not only in the epidermis, but also in various organs, including prostate, testis, placenta, spleen and thymus. In human epidermis extracts analysed by Western blotting, duanyu1563 type I was detected as a 70 kDa polypeptide, in agreement with its predicted molecular mass. As shown by immunohistochemistry, the enzyme was expressed in all the living layers of human epidermis, with the labelling being increased in the granular layer. This is the first description of the human duanyu1563 type I gene and the first demonstration of its expression in epidermis.

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